{"id":14115,"date":"2021-11-23T03:14:09","date_gmt":"2021-11-23T03:14:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hqeialdi5a.wpdns.site\/?p=14115"},"modified":"2021-11-25T07:54:11","modified_gmt":"2021-11-25T07:54:11","slug":"3-point-about-hydraulic-circuit-design-you-should-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/3-point-about-hydraulic-circuit-design-you-should-know\/","title":{"rendered":"3 body o konstrukci hydraulick\u00e9ho okruhu, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"yoast-reading-time__wrapper\"><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__icon\"><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__descriptive-text\">P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed:  <\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__reading-time\">11<\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__time-unit\"> minuta<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-\u5d4c\u5165\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f wp-block-embed-\u5d4c\u5165\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Hydraulick\u00fd lis na hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed HARSLE Y27-200T, CNC lis se servomotorem\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2B7nJAw8UB0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V modern\u00edch stroj\u00edch plat\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/product\/1-6-metal-stamping-hydraulic-press-machinery-200-ton\/\">hydraulick\u00e9<\/a> p\u0159enosov\u00fd syst\u00e9m se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika z\u00e1kladn\u00edch obvod\u016f. Takzvan\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed okruh je typick\u00fd olejov\u00fd okruh slo\u017een\u00fd ze souvisej\u00edc\u00edch hydraulick\u00fdch komponent\u016f pro dokon\u010den\u00ed specifick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1dnut\u00edm principu jejich \u010dinnosti, slo\u017een\u00ed a vlastnost\u00ed lze tyto obvody spr\u00e1vn\u011b a rozumn\u011b volit podle pracovn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu, po\u017eadavk\u016f a pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek stroje tak, aby tvo\u0159ily po\u017eadovan\u00fd ucelen\u00fd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2B7nJAw8UB0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hydraulick\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-pressure-control-loop-design\"><strong>Konstrukce tlakov\u00e9 regula\u010dn\u00ed smy\u010dky<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Okruh regulace tlaku je okruh, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 regula\u010dn\u00ed ventil tlaku k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho tlaku syst\u00e9mu. Tlakov\u00fd okruh \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd tlakov\u00fdm ventilem lze pou\u017e\u00edt k realizaci \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed stabilizace nap\u011bt\u00ed, dekomprese, zes\u00edlen\u00ed a v\u00edcestup\u0148ov\u00e9 regulace tlaku, aby byly spln\u011bny po\u017eadavky ak\u010dn\u00edho \u010dlenu na s\u00edlu a kroutic\u00ed moment. Mezi tlakov\u00e9 ventily standardn\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventily, reduk\u010dn\u00ed ventily, sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventily a jednocestn\u00e9 reduk\u010dn\u00ed ventily a jednocestn\u00e9 sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventily, kter\u00e9 jsou kombinov\u00e1ny paraleln\u011b s jednocestn\u00fdmi ventily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Okruh regulace tlaku<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Smy\u010dka regulace tlaku se vztahuje k pracovn\u00edmu tlaku \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu tak, aby nep\u0159ekro\u010dil ur\u010ditou p\u0159edem nastavenou hodnotu, nebo aby pracovn\u00ed mechanismus m\u011bl v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi pohybu r\u016fzn\u00e9 tlaky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bod 1: V\u00fdb\u011br metody regulace tlaku<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Okruh omezen\u00ed tlaku<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K omezen\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho tlaku v hydraulick\u00e9m okruhu je nejlep\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventil. Na obr\u00e1zku je obvod b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho stroje na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku. N\u00edzkotlak\u00fd pojistn\u00fd ventil 1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k tomu, aby p\u00edst nespadl vlastn\u00ed vahou, kdy\u017e se p\u00edst v\u00e1lce zvedne (nepracuje) a\u017e na konec. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem lze u\u0161et\u0159it spot\u0159ebu energie a lze se vyhnout jevu zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed oleje rozlit\u00e9ho z p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edho ventilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Smy\u010dka tlakov\u00e9ho d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku, kdy\u017e je solenoidov\u00fd t\u0159\u00edcestn\u00fd ventil demagnetizov\u00e1n, tlak smy\u010dky je nastaven\u00fd tlak hlavn\u00edho pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu 10MPa; p\u0159i vybuzen\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9ho t\u0159\u00edcestn\u00e9ho ventilu se \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00fd elektromagnetick\u00fd ventil pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ke zm\u011bn\u011b hlavn\u00edho ventilu a odleh\u010den\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed Pr\u016fchodem ventilu a nebo b lze p\u0159ev\u00e9st tlak hlavn\u00edho okruhu na 7MPa nebo 5MPa. Kapacita ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ventilu, krom\u011b hlavn\u00edho ventilu, je mal\u00fd pr\u016ftokov\u00fd ventil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img class=\"wd-lazy-fade\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"791\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/111.png\" alt=\"N\u00e1vrh a anal\u00fdza hydraulick\u00e9ho okruhu\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/111.png 791w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/111-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/111-768x328.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/111-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/111-600x256.png 600w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/111-150x64.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed okruh regulace tlaku<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na obr\u00e1zku, kdy\u017e p\u00edst v\u00e1lce stoup\u00e1 a kles\u00e1 a p\u00edst z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed poloze, je tlak oleje p<sub>1<\/sub>&nbsp;= 5MPa (lev\u00e9 vysokotlak\u00e9 \u010derpadlo se odleh\u010d\u00ed). Ale kdy\u017e p\u00edst dos\u00e1hne dna, zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed, tlakov\u00e9 rel\u00e9 funguje a elektromagnetick\u00fd t\u0159\u00edcestn\u00fd ventil je ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n tak, aby p<sub>1<\/sub>=10MPa a do okruhu vstupuje vysokotlak\u00fd olej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img class=\"wd-lazy-fade\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"917\" height=\"424\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/222.png\" alt=\"N\u00e1vrh a anal\u00fdza hydraulick\u00e9ho okruhu\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/222.png 917w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/222-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/222-768x355.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/222-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/222-600x277.png 600w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/222-150x69.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 917px) 100vw, 917px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Okruh regulace tlaku slo\u017een\u00e9ho \u010derpadla<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kapacita \u010derpadla p\u0159izp\u016fsobena po\u017eadavk\u016fm pr\u00e1ce a sn\u00ed\u017eit zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 teplo vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i j\u00edzd\u011b n\u00edzkou rychlost\u00ed. Okruh je elektricky \u0159\u00edzen, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee pracovat s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pr\u016ftoky a tlaky oleje podle pot\u0159eby pro udr\u017een\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti okruhu. M\u00e1 v\u00fdhody tlakov\u011b kompenzovan\u00e9ho variabiln\u00edho \u010derpadla. Ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed olejov\u00fd okruh elektrohydraulick\u00e9ho p\u0159ep\u00ednac\u00edho ventilu ve smy\u010dce je vyveden z portu d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edho ventilu, co\u017e zabra\u0148uje n\u00e1razu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu sepnut\u00edm hlavn\u00edho p\u0159ep\u00ednac\u00edho ventilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img class=\"wd-lazy-fade\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/333.png\" alt=\"N\u00e1vrh a anal\u00fdza hydraulick\u00e9ho okruhu\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/333.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/333-292x300.png 292w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/333-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/333-150x154.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bod 2: \u00daprava parametru tlaku<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nespr\u00e1vn\u011b nastaven\u00fd tlak pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed tlaku pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee rychlost pohybu hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce nespl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky. Smy\u010dka vy\u017eaduje plynul\u00fd pohyb p\u0159i zved\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161irok\u00fd rozsah nastaven\u00ed rychlosti a p\u00edst se m\u016f\u017ee zastavit v jak\u00e9koli poloze. B\u011bhem provozu se v\u0161ak p\u0159i nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed rychlosti zdvihu v\u00fdtahu rychlost ve velk\u00e9m rozsahu nem\u011bn\u00ed. Pouze kdy\u017e je otev\u0159en\u00ed \u0161krtic\u00ed klapky nastaveno na velmi malou hodnotu, zm\u011bn\u00ed se rychlost zdvihu, co\u017e nespl\u0148uje n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdkon. Je to proto, \u017ee byl zv\u00fd\u0161en tlak p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edho ventilu. Nastaven\u00fd tlak pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu by m\u011bl b\u00fdt pracovn\u00ed tlak hydraulick\u00e9ho \u010derpadla p\u0159esn\u011b rovn\u00fd sou\u010dtu z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho tlaku hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce a tlakov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu pln\u00e9ho pr\u016ftoku \u010derpadla \u0161krtic\u00ed klapkou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 parametry nastaven\u00ed tlaku<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 parametry nastaven\u00ed tlaku zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee teplota oleje syst\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edvodu oleje \u010derpadla konstantn\u00edho tlaku je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1. V hydraulick\u00e9m okruhu \u010derpadla konstantn\u00edho tlaku, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku, je kv\u016fli nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm parametr\u016fm nastaven\u00ed tlaku teplota oleje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, kdy\u017e syst\u00e9m b\u011b\u017e\u00ed. D\u016fvodem v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu je, \u017ee syst\u00e9mov\u00fd tlak P nastaven\u00fd tlakov\u00fdm ventilem 1 je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tlak Pt nastaven\u00fd tlakovou regula\u010dn\u00ed pru\u017einou ventilu 2, tak\u017ee \u010derpadlo konstantn\u00edho tlaku v\u017edy pracuje s maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm zdvihov\u00fdm objemem a nadm\u011brn\u00fd pr\u016ftok je tlak P p\u0159ete\u010de zp\u011bt do palivov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee a v\u0161e se p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed na teplo, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uje teplotu syst\u00e9mu. Pou\u017eijte proto ventil 1 jako pojistn\u00fd ventil a nastavte jeho tlak tak, aby byl o 0,5~1MPa vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak po\u017eadovan\u00fd syst\u00e9mem. V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 probl\u00e9my lze vy\u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img class=\"wd-lazy-fade\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/444.png\" alt=\"N\u00e1vrh a anal\u00fdza hydraulick\u00e9ho okruhu\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/444.png 795w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/444-300x123.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/444-768x314.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/444-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/444-600x245.png 600w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/444-150x61.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>P\u0159\u00edklady selh\u00e1n\u00ed nastaven\u00ed parametru tlaku<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V okruhu kvantitativn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tlaku \u010derpadla zobrazen\u00e9ho na obr\u00e1zku je hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo kvantitativn\u00ed a neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce t\u0159\u00edpolohov\u00e9ho \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00e9ho p\u0159ep\u00ednac\u00edho ventilu je typu Y. Proto, kdy\u017e hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec p\u0159estane b\u011b\u017eet, syst\u00e9m se neodleh\u010d\u00ed a tlakov\u00fd olej vystupuj\u00edc\u00ed z hydraulick\u00e9ho \u010derpadla p\u0159ete\u010de p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm ventilem zp\u011bt do olejov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee. P\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventil v syst\u00e9mu je pilotn\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventil YF, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ovou soust\u0159ednou strukturu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vyskytl se probl\u00e9m: kdy\u017e je zp\u011btn\u00fd ventil v syst\u00e9mu um\u00edst\u011bn do neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed polohy a je nastaven tlak p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edho ventilu, zjist\u00ed se, \u017ee kdy\u017e je hodnota tlaku ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10 MPa, p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventil funguje norm\u00e1ln\u011b; kdy\u017e je tlak nastaven na jakoukoli hodnotu tlaku vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10 MPa, syst\u00e9m je\u010del jako fl\u00e9tna. V tuto chv\u00edli m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, jak ru\u010di\u010dka tlakom\u011bru prudce vibruje. Po testov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee hluk poch\u00e1z\u00ed z p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edho ventilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anal\u00fdza probl\u00e9mu: U t\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ov\u00e9ho koaxi\u00e1ln\u00edho vysokotlak\u00e9ho pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu m\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed \u0161oup\u00e1tko dv\u011b posuvn\u00e1 ulo\u017een\u00ed s t\u011blem ventilu a v\u00edkem. Pokud souosost vnit\u0159n\u00edho otvoru t\u011blesa ventilu a v\u00edka po mont\u00e1\u017ei p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky, hlavn\u00ed \u0161oup\u00e1tko se nem\u016f\u017ee pru\u017en\u011b pohybovat, ale p\u0159ilep\u00ed se na jednu stranu vnit\u0159n\u00edho otvoru, aby provedla abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed pohyb. Kdy\u017e je tlak nastaven na pevnou hodnotu, nevyhnuteln\u011b to zp\u016fsob\u00ed vibrace hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvky. Tento druh vibrac\u00ed nen\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed vibrace hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvky p\u0159i pracovn\u00edm pohybu, ale vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed vibrace vyvolan\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvkou zaseknutou v ur\u010dit\u00e9 poloze (v tuto chv\u00edli proto, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvka nese hydraulickou up\u00ednac\u00ed s\u00edlu p\u0159i stejn\u00e9 \u010das). Tento druh vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edch vibrac\u00ed nevyhnuteln\u011b zp\u016fsob\u00ed siln\u00e9 vibrace pru\u017einy, zejm\u00e9na pru\u017einy reguluj\u00edc\u00ed tlak, a dojde k rezonanci hluku. Nav\u00edc, proto\u017ee vysokotlak\u00fd olej nep\u0159et\u00e9k\u00e1 norm\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159epadov\u00fdm otvorem, ale p\u0159et\u00e9k\u00e1 zp\u011bt do n\u00e1dr\u017ee p\u0159es zaseknut\u00fd p\u0159etokov\u00fd otvor a vnit\u0159n\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed kan\u00e1l, bude tento vysokotlak\u00fd proud oleje vyd\u00e1vat vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed hluk kapaliny. Tento druh vibrac\u00ed a hluku je vybuzen za specifick\u00fdch provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednek syst\u00e9mu, co\u017e je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy\u017e je tlak ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10 MPa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img class=\"wd-lazy-fade\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/555.png\" alt=\"N\u00e1vrh a anal\u00fdza hydraulick\u00e9ho okruhu\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/555.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/555-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/555-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdrobn\u00ed p\u0159esnost pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu YF je pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e1. Souosost vnit\u0159n\u00edch a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kruhov\u00fdch ploch spojovac\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00edka ventilu a t\u011blesa ventilu a souosost vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kruhov\u00fdch ploch t\u0159\u00ed osazen\u00ed hlavn\u00edho j\u00e1dra ventilu by m\u011bla b\u00fdt ve stanoven\u00e9m rozsahu. Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 tlumic\u00ed otvor na hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvce tlum\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek, kdy\u017e hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvka vibruje. Kdy\u017e je viskozita pracovn\u00ed kapaliny n\u00edzk\u00e1 nebo teplota p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, tlumic\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek se odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Proto v\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00e9ho oleje s viskozitou a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty syst\u00e9mu rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vibrac\u00ed a hluku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Selh\u00e1n\u00ed nastaven\u00ed parametru tlaku<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tlak nelze upravit. Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem je, \u017ee tlakov\u00e1 regula\u010dn\u00ed pru\u017eina p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edho ventilu je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u011bkk\u00e1, nespr\u00e1vn\u011b nainstalovan\u00e1 nebo chyb\u00ed; \u00fast\u00ed hlavn\u00edho ventilu pilotn\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edho ventilu je zablokov\u00e1no a \u0161oup\u00e1tkov\u00fd ventil p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 hydraulick\u00fd tlak horn\u00ed dutiny a pru\u017einy hlavn\u00edho ventilu p\u016fsoben\u00edm tlaku oleje na spodn\u00edm konci S\u00edla, hlavn\u00ed ventil se pohybuje nahoru, a pru\u017eina regulace tlaku ztrat\u00ed kontrolu nad hlavn\u00edm ventilem. Proto hlavn\u00ed ventil otev\u0159e p\u0159epadov\u00fd port p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm tlaku, aby p\u0159etekl; j\u00e1dro ventilu a sedlo ventilu nejsou t\u011bsn\u011b uzav\u0159eny a \u00fanik je v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd; j\u00e1dro ventilu je ot\u0159epy nebo jin\u00e9 ne\u010distoty uv\u00edzl\u00e9 v otev\u0159en\u00e9 poloze.<\/li><li>Tlak je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fd a nelze jej sn\u00ed\u017eit. Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem je, \u017ee j\u00e1dro ventilu je zaseknut\u00e9 v uzav\u0159en\u00e9 poloze ot\u0159epy nebo ne\u010distotami a hlavn\u00ed ventil nelze otev\u0159\u00edt; b\u011bhem instalace jsou vstupn\u00ed a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed otvory ventilu nespr\u00e1vn\u011b p\u0159ipojeny a neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd tlakov\u00fd olej, kter\u00fd by tla\u010dil j\u00e1dro ventilu do pohybu, tak\u017ee j\u00e1dro ventilu nelze otev\u0159\u00edt; pilotn\u00ed ventil P\u0159edn\u00ed otvor je ucpan\u00fd, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se hlavn\u00ed ventil neotev\u0159e.<\/li><li>Kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku je velk\u00e9. Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem je, \u017ee se olej m\u00eds\u00ed se vzduchem; j\u00e1dro ventilu je ve \u0161patn\u00e9m kontaktu se sedlem ventilu; pr\u016fm\u011br otvoru je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd a tlumic\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek je slab\u00fd; doch\u00e1z\u00ed k rezonanci; j\u00e1dro ventilu se v t\u011blese ventilu nepohybuje pru\u017en\u011b. U v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e9 c\u00edlen\u011b vylep\u0161ovat aspekty n\u00e1vrhu obvodu, v\u00fdb\u011bru komponent\u016f, parametr\u016f komponent a se\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, instalace potrub\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho oleje.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bod 3: Probl\u00e9my v okruhu sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho regul\u00e1toru<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Probl\u00e9m tlakov\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve druh\u00e9m okruhu regulace tlaku zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e9m na obr\u00e1zku, kdy\u017e 1DT nen\u00ed pod nap\u011bt\u00edm, je tlak v syst\u00e9mu regulov\u00e1n p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm ventilem 2; kdy\u017e je 1DT pod nap\u011bt\u00edm, tlak v syst\u00e9mu je regulov\u00e1n p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm ventilem 3. Sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku tohoto okruhu je realizov\u00e1no ventilem 4. Kdy\u017e je tlak p\u0159epnut ze s\u00edly na p2 (p&gt;p2), proto\u017ee v potrub\u00ed nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd tlak. olejov\u00fd okruh mezi ventilem 4 a ventilem 3 p\u0159ed p\u0159epnut\u00edm p\u0159i sepnut\u00ed ventilu 4 (1DT je pod nap\u011bt\u00edm) Kdy\u017e okam\u017eit\u00fd tlak na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m portu p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edho ventilu 2 klesne ze s\u00edly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na nulu a pot\u00e9 stoupne na p2, syst\u00e9m p\u0159irozen\u011b produkuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tlakov\u00fd r\u00e1z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img class=\"wd-lazy-fade\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"912\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/666.png\" alt=\"N\u00e1vrh a anal\u00fdza hydraulick\u00e9ho okruhu\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/666.png 912w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/666-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/666-768x216.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/666-18x5.png 18w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/666-600x168.png 600w, https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/666-150x42.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 912px) 100vw, 912px\" \/><figcaption>1-A hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo; 2, 3-P\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventil; 4-A dvoupolohov\u00fd dvoucestn\u00fd solenoidov\u00fd ventil<br>1-A hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo; 2-Pilotn\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd pojistn\u00fd ventil; 3-Reverzace<br>Ventil; 4-Jeden dvoupolohov\u00fd dvoucestn\u00fd solenoidov\u00fd ventil; 5-jednocestn\u00fd ventil<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zp\u016fsob vylou\u010den\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku, p\u0159ipojte ventil 4 k v\u00fdstupu oleje z ventilu 3, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee polohy ventilu 4 a ventilu 3 jsou zam\u011bn\u011bny. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je \u010dasto Plno tlakov\u00e9ho oleje, tlak v syst\u00e9mu klesne z p na p<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;kdy\u017e se p\u0159epne ventil 4 a nedojde k nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu tlakov\u00e9mu r\u00e1zu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Probl\u00e9m dlouh\u00e9 doby zes\u00edlen\u00ed b\u011bhem regulace tlaku.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve druh\u00e9m okruhu regulace tlaku zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e9m na obr\u00e1zku, kdy\u017e je potrub\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 a syst\u00e9m se p\u0159epne ze stavu vypr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00ed (ventil 3 v neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed poloze) do stavu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed (ventil 3 v poloze vlevo nebo vpravo) V tuto chv\u00edli proto\u017ee potrub\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed proch\u00e1z\u00ed olejov\u00fdm baz\u00e9nem, tlakov\u00fd olej mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm tlaku napln\u011bn potrub\u00edm d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, tak\u017ee doba zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tlaku je dlouh\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u011bnujte pozornost tomuto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokuste se zkr\u00e1tit potrub\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed co nejv\u00edce a p\u0159idejte zp\u011btn\u00fd ventil (nebo jednocestn\u00fd ventil) 5 do bodu zp\u011btn\u00e9ho toku oleje potrub\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, aby m\u011bl ur\u010dit\u00fd tlak, aby doba n\u00e1r\u016fstu tlaku mohla b\u00fdt zkr\u00e1cen. V okruhu d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 regulace tlaku se zvy\u0161uje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnota tlaku p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edho ventilu a sou\u010dasn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k poru\u0161e ak\u010dn\u00edho zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou t\u00e9to poruchy je, \u017ee potrub\u00ed od hlavn\u00edho pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu k pojistn\u00e9mu ventilu d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9 (nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 m) a tlakov\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta v potrub\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1. Potrub\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed proto obecn\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159es\u00e1hnout 5 m.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In modern machinery, the applied hydraulic transmission system is composed of some basic circuits. The so-called basic circuit is a<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":14125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1093,1094,1095],"class_list":["post-14115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulic-press","tag-design-of-hydraulic-circuits","tag-hydraulic-circuit-design","tag-hydraulic-circuit-design-and-analysis"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/basic-hydraulic-system-circuit.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14115"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14115\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}