Hydraulick\u00fd lis pro hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, hydraulick\u00fd lis (tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako hydraulick\u00fd lis) je a stroj<\/a> kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hydrostatick\u00fd tlak ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kovu, plastick\u00fd<\/a>, pry\u017e, d\u0159evo, pr\u00e1\u0161ek a dal\u0161\u00ed produkty. \u010casto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v procesu lisov\u00e1n\u00ed a lisov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je kov\u00e1n\u00ed, lisov\u00e1n\u00ed, vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed za studena, rovn\u00e1n\u00ed, oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed, lemov\u00e1n\u00ed, hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed plech\u016f, pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e1 metalurgie, lisov\u00e1n\u00ed atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis pro hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, hydraulick\u00fd stroj je vyr\u00e1b\u011bn technologi\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho p\u0159evodu a hlavn\u00edm teoretick\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem hydraulick\u00e9ho p\u0159evodu je Pascal\u016fv princip, princip kontinuity a z\u00e1kon konstanty ruky v mechanice tekutin. S neust\u00e1l\u00fdm rozvojem pr\u016fmyslu a v\u011bdy a techniky m\u00e9 zem\u011b se technologie hydraulick\u00e9ho p\u0159evodu st\u00e1le v\u00edce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mnoha oblastech. Hydraulick\u00e9 lisy vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 hydraulick\u00fdm p\u0159evodem jsou proto st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Tento n\u00e1vrh je vypr\u00e1v\u011bn p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed hledisek: \u00favod, n\u00e1vrh konstrukce karoserie a n\u00e1vrhov\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det a n\u00e1vrh hydraulick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. D\u00e1le podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btluje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy \u010dinnosti, vlastnosti, klasifikaci, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed parametry a stavbu t\u011bla hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu. Kontroln\u00ed a n\u00e1vrhov\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det pevnosti a tuhosti jeho \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed a sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu hydraulick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu jsou specifick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky a probl\u00e9my s pozornost\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny z mnoha \u00fahl\u016f a aspekt\u016f a m\u011bly by spl\u0148ovat po\u017eadavky na n\u00edzkou cenu, vysokou \u00fa\u010dinnost a n\u00edzkou hmotnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis pro hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, jeho principem je pou\u017eit\u00ed Pascalova z\u00e1kona k vyu\u017eit\u00ed stroj\u016f pro p\u0159enos hydraulick\u00e9ho tlaku, existuje mnoho typ\u016f. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i pou\u017eit\u00ed je r\u016fznorod\u00e9 podle pot\u0159eb. Nap\u0159\u00edklad podle typu kapaliny, kter\u00e1 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed tlak, existuj\u00ed dv\u011b kategorie: hydraulick\u00fd lis a hydraulick\u00fd lis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Celkov\u00fd tlak generovan\u00fd hydraulick\u00fdm lisem je pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00fd a \u010dasto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro kov\u00e1n\u00ed a lisov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kovac\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd lis se d\u011bl\u00ed na z\u00e1pustkov\u00fd kovac\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd lis a voln\u00fd kovac\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd lis. Hydraulick\u00fd lis pro z\u00e1pustkov\u00e9 kov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 formy, zat\u00edmco hydraulick\u00fd lis pro voln\u00e9 kov\u00e1n\u00ed formy nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Prvn\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd lis na 10 000 tun vyroben\u00fd v m\u00e9 zemi je hydraulick\u00fd lis pro voln\u00e9 kov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis pro hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, hydraulick\u00fd lis je stroj, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kapalinu jako pracovn\u00ed m\u00e9dium k p\u0159enosu energie k dosa\u017een\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch proces\u016f. Krom\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed pro kov\u00e1n\u00ed a tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed lze hydraulick\u00e9 lisy pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 pro rovn\u00e1n\u00ed, lisov\u00e1n\u00ed, balen\u00ed, briketov\u00e1n\u00ed a lisov\u00e1n\u00ed. Hydraulick\u00e9 lisy zahrnuj\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9 lisy a hydraulick\u00e9 lisy. Kapalina na vodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 hydraulick\u00fd lis a olej se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 hydraulick\u00fd lis. Specifikace hydraulick\u00fdch lis\u016f jsou obecn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny jako jmenovit\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla (kN) nebo jmenovit\u00e1 ton\u00e1\u017e (tuny). V\u011bt\u0161ina hydraulick\u00fdch lis\u016f pro kov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou hydraulick\u00e9 lisy s relativn\u011b vysokou ton\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. Aby se zmen\u0161ila velikost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, velk\u00e9 kovac\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9 lisy obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tlaky (asi 35 MPa) a n\u011bkdy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ultra vysok\u00e9 tlaky nad 100 MPa. Hydraulick\u00e9 lisy pro jin\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed obecn\u011b pracovn\u00ed tlak 6-25 MPa. Ton\u00e1\u017e hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u011bjiny<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis pro hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, v roce 1795 Brit J. Brammer pou\u017eil Pascal\u016fv princip k vynalezen\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu pro balen\u00ed a lisov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlinn\u00e9ho oleje. V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed za\u010dala Brit\u00e1nie pou\u017e\u00edvat ke kov\u00e1n\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9 lisy a hydraulick\u00e9 lisy postupn\u011b nahradily super velk\u00e1 parn\u00ed kovac\u00ed buchary. Do konce 19. stolet\u00ed vyrobily Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty hydraulick\u00e9 lisy pro voln\u00e9 kov\u00e1n\u00ed o v\u00fdkonu 126 000 kN. Od t\u00e9 doby bylo po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b vyrobeno v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 sad 100 000 kN voln\u011b koviteln\u00fdch hydraulick\u00fdch lis\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b dvou vyroben\u00fdch v \u010c\u00edn\u011b (viz barevn\u00fd obr\u00e1zek). Se vzhledem a zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00edm elektrick\u00fdch vysokotlak\u00fdch \u010derpadel se sm\u011brem k men\u0161\u00ed ton\u00e1\u017ei vyv\u00edjej\u00ed i kovac\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9 lisy. Po 50. letech se objevil mal\u00fd rychl\u00fd kovac\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd lis, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee vykonat pr\u00e1ci odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed kovac\u00edm buchar\u016fm 30-50 kN. Ve 40. letech N\u011bmecko vyrobilo ob\u0159\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd lis na kov\u00e1n\u00ed 180 000 kN. Od t\u00e9 doby bylo po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b vyrobeno 18 hydraulick\u00fdch lis\u016f p\u0159es 180 000 kN, z toho jeden vyroben\u00fd v \u010c\u00edn\u011b m\u00e1 300 000 kN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis pro hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, princip \u010dinnosti hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu. Oblasti velk\u00e9ho a mal\u00e9ho plun\u017eru jsou S2 a S1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00edla hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu je F2 resp. F1. Podle Pascalova principu je tlak uzav\u0159en\u00e9 kapaliny v\u0161ude stejn\u00fd, tedy F2\/S2=F1\/S1=p; F2=F1(S2\/S1). P\u0159edstavuje zes\u00edlen\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho tlaku. Stejn\u011b jako mechanick\u00fd zisk, s\u00edla se zv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ale pr\u00e1ce nez\u00edsk\u00e1. Vzd\u00e1lenost pohybu velk\u00e9ho plun\u017eru je tedy S1\/S2 kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vzd\u00e1lenost pohybu mal\u00e9ho plun\u017eru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis pro hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee olejov\u00e9 \u010derpadlo dod\u00e1v\u00e1 hydraulick\u00fd olej do integrovan\u00e9ho ventilov\u00e9ho bloku kazety a distribuuje hydraulick\u00fd olej do horn\u00ed dutiny nebo spodn\u00ed dutiny v\u00e1lce prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch jednosm\u011brn\u00fdch ventil\u016f a p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edch ventil\u016f a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1lec se pohybuje p\u016fsoben\u00edm vysokotlak\u00e9ho oleje. Je to za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kapalinu k p\u0159enosu tlaku. Kdy\u017e tlak kapaliny p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed v uzav\u0159en\u00e9 n\u00e1dob\u011b, \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se Pascalov\u00fdm z\u00e1konem. Hydraulick\u00fd p\u0159evodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u010dty\u0159sloupov\u00e9ho hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z pohonn\u00e9ho mechanismu, ovl\u00e1dac\u00edho mechanismu, v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho mechanismu, pomocn\u00e9ho mechanismu a pracovn\u00edho m\u00e9dia. Pohonn\u00fd mechanismus obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako pohonn\u00fd mechanismus olejov\u00e9 \u010derpadlo, co\u017e je obecn\u011b produktov\u00e9 olejov\u00e9 \u010derpadlo. Aby byly spln\u011bny po\u017eadavky na rychlost pohybu pohonu, vol\u00ed se jedno olejov\u00e9 \u010derpadlo nebo v\u00edce olejov\u00fdch \u010derpadel. Zubov\u00e1 \u010derpadla pro n\u00edzk\u00fd tlak (tlak oleje men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 2,5 MP); lopatkov\u00e1 \u010derpadla pro st\u0159edn\u00ed tlak (tlak oleje men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 6,3 MP); plun\u017erov\u00e1 \u010derpadla pro vysok\u00fd tlak (tlak oleje men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 32,0 MP). Tlakov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch plastov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed, hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed nerezov\u00fdch plech\u016f a tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kovov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f za studena. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 pou\u017eit pro lisov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, brusn\u00fdch kotou\u010d\u016f, bakelitu a prysky\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdch termoset\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pracovn\u00ed m\u00e9dium<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd hlubokota\u017en\u00fd lis, funkc\u00ed pracovn\u00edho m\u00e9dia pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho v hydraulick\u00e9m lisu je nejen p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et tlak, ale tak\u00e9 zajistit, aby pracovn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti stroje byly citliv\u00e9, spolehliv\u00e9, s dlouhou \u017eivotnost\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b net\u011bsn\u00e9. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed po\u017eadavky hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu na pracovn\u00ed m\u00e9dium jsou \u2460 vhodn\u00e1 tekutost a n\u00edzk\u00e1 stla\u010ditelnost pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti p\u0159enosu; \u2461 antikorozn\u00ed; \u2462 dobr\u00fd mazac\u00ed v\u00fdkon; \u2463 snadn\u00e9 ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed; \u2464 stabiln\u00ed v\u00fdkon, dlouhodob\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce Bez zhor\u0161en\u00ed. Hydraulick\u00fd lis zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako pracovn\u00ed m\u00e9dium vodu a pozd\u011bji se m\u011bn\u00ed na emulzi vyrobenou p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm mal\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed emulgovan\u00e9ho oleje do vody pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed mazivosti a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rzi. Koncem 19. stolet\u00ed se objevily hydraulick\u00e9 lisy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed jako pracovn\u00ed m\u00e9dium miner\u00e1ln\u00ed olej. Olej m\u00e1 dobrou mazac\u00ed schopnost, odolnost proti korozi a st\u0159edn\u00ed viskozitu, co\u017e je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu. Ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed se objevil nov\u00fd typ emulze na vodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi a jej\u00ed emulgovan\u00e1 forma byla \u201evoda v oleji\u201c nam\u00edsto p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u201eolej ve vod\u011b\u201c. Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed emulze \u201evoda v oleji\u201c je olej. Jeho mazac\u00ed schopnost a odolnost proti korozi se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed oleji a obsahuje velmi m\u00e1lo oleje a nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 ho sp\u00e1lit. Emulze na vodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi jsou v\u0161ak dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e omezuje jejich propagaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Obr\u00e1zek 2 Sch\u00e9ma syst\u00e9mu pohonu hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0158\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd hlubokota\u017en\u00fd lis, pohonn\u00fd syst\u00e9m hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu m\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dva typy: p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd pohon \u010derpadla a pohon \u010derpadla-akumul\u00e1toru. \u010cerpadlo syst\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho pohonu \u010derpadla dod\u00e1v\u00e1 vysokotlakou pracovn\u00ed kapalinu do hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce, rozd\u011blovac\u00ed ventil se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ke zm\u011bn\u011b sm\u011bru p\u0159\u00edvodu kapaliny a p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventil se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k nastaven\u00ed omezen\u00e9ho tlaku syst\u00e9mu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 hraje roli bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed. Tento druh pohonn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu m\u00e1 m\u00e1lo \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a jednoduchou strukturu. Tlak lze automaticky zvy\u0161ovat nebo sni\u017eovat podle po\u017eadovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sni\u017euje spot\u0159eba elektrick\u00e9 energie, ale kapacita \u010derpadla a jeho hnac\u00edho motoru mus\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u00e1na maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed silou a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho stroje. Tento typ pohonn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu se v\u011bt\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch hydraulick\u00fdch lis\u016f, ale i velk\u00fdch (nap\u0159. 120 000 kN) voln\u011b kov\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch hydraulick\u00fdch lis\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u010derpadly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd hlubokota\u017en\u00fd lis,pohony \u010derpadlo-akumul\u00e1tor V tomto syst\u00e9mu pohonu je jeden nebo skupina akumul\u00e1tor\u016f. Kdy\u017e m\u00e1 vysokotlak\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed kapalina dod\u00e1van\u00e1 \u010derpadlem p\u0159ebytek, je ulo\u017eena v akumul\u00e1toru; p\u0159i nedostate\u010dn\u00e9m z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed se dopl\u0148uje akumul\u00e1torem. U tohoto syst\u00e9mu lze volit kapacitu \u010derpadel a motor\u016f podle pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed vysokotlak\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed kapaliny. Proto\u017ee je v\u0161ak tlak pracovn\u00ed tekutiny konstantn\u00ed, spot\u0159eba energie je velk\u00e1 a syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 mnoho vazeb a slo\u017eit\u00fdch struktur. Tento druh pohonu se v\u011bt\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u velk\u00fdch hydraulick\u00fdch lis\u016f, nebo soustava pohon\u016f poh\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolik hydraulick\u00fdch lis\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Typ struktury<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis pro hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, podle sm\u011bru s\u00edly, existuj\u00ed dva typy hydraulick\u00fdch stroj\u016f: vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed a horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina hydraulick\u00fdch lis\u016f je vertik\u00e1ln\u00edch a hydraulick\u00e9 lisy pro vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed. Podle typu konstrukce m\u00e1 hydraulick\u00fd lis dvousloupov\u00fd, \u010dty\u0159sloupov\u00fd, osmisloupov\u00fd, sva\u0159ovan\u00fd r\u00e1m a v\u00edcevrstv\u00fd ocelov\u00fd p\u00e1sov\u00fd nav\u00edjec\u00ed r\u00e1m atd., a st\u0159edn\u00ed a mal\u00e9 vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9 lisy tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed typ C-r\u00e1m . Hydraulick\u00fd lis s C-r\u00e1mem je otev\u0159en\u00fd na t\u0159ech stran\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd se snadno ovl\u00e1d\u00e1, ale m\u00e1 \u0161patnou tuhost. Hydraulick\u00fd lis sva\u0159ovac\u00edho r\u00e1mu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pro lisov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 dobrou tuhost, otev\u0159en\u00fd vp\u0159edu i vzadu, ale zav\u0159en\u00fd vlevo a vpravo. Ve vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm \u010dty\u0159sloupov\u00e9m voln\u00e9m kovac\u00edm hydraulick\u00e9m lisu s horn\u00edm p\u0159evodem je v\u00e1lec upevn\u011bn v horn\u00edm nosn\u00edku, plun\u017er je pevn\u011b spojen s pohybliv\u00fdm nosn\u00edkem a pohybliv\u00fd nosn\u00edk je veden sloupem a pohybuje se nahoru a dol\u016f pod nosn\u00edkem. tlak pracovn\u00ed tekutiny. Je zde pracovn\u00ed st\u016fl, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee po nosn\u00edku pohybovat tam a zp\u011bt. Horn\u00ed kovadlina a spodn\u00ed kovadlina jsou p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u011b instalov\u00e1ny pod pohybliv\u00fdm nosn\u00edkem a na pracovn\u00ed plo\u0161e. Pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu nese r\u00e1m slo\u017een\u00fd z horn\u00edch a spodn\u00edch nosn\u00edk\u016f a sloup\u016f. Velk\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9 lisy pro voln\u00e9 kov\u00e1n\u00ed poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 \u010derpadlo-akumul\u00e1tory \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed t\u0159i pracovn\u00ed v\u00e1lce k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly. Vn\u011b pracovn\u00edho v\u00e1lce jsou rovn\u011b\u017e uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny vyva\u017eovac\u00ed v\u00e1lec a vratn\u00fd v\u00e1lec, kter\u00e9 vyv\u00edjej\u00ed s\u00edlu sm\u011brem nahoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Klasifikace<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Podle konstruk\u010dn\u00ed formy se d\u011bl\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na \u010dty\u0159sloupov\u00fd typ, jednosloupov\u00fd typ (typ C), horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed typ, vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1m, univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd lis atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Podle \u00fa\u010delu se d\u011bl\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kov\u016f, oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed, protahov\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 (kovov\u00e9, nekovov\u00e9) tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, lisov\u00e1n\u00ed a vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis pro kov\u00e1n\u00ed za tepla<\/p>\n\n\n\n Velk\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd kovac\u00ed lis je kovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017ee dokon\u010dit r\u016fzn\u00e9 procesy voln\u00e9ho kov\u00e1n\u00ed a je jedn\u00edm z nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v kov\u00e1rensk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b existuj\u00ed kovac\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9 lisy 800T, 1600T, 2000T, 2500T, 3150T, 4000T, 5000T a dal\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9 specifikace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010cty\u0159sloupov\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis je vhodn\u00fd pro proces lisov\u00e1n\u00ed plastov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Jako je lisov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch produkt\u016f, lisov\u00e1n\u00ed plastov\u00fdch produkt\u016f, lisov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f za studena (za tepla), protahov\u00e1n\u00ed plech\u016f a horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed lisov\u00e1n\u00ed, lisov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00edm, ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed a korekce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010cty\u0159sloupov\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis lze rozd\u011blit na \u010dty\u0159sloupov\u00fd dvouramenn\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis, \u010dty\u0159sloupov\u00fd t\u0159\u00edramenn\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis, \u010dty\u0159sloupov\u00fd \u010dty\u0159ramenn\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jednoramenn\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis (jednosloupov\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pracovn\u00ed rozsah lze roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it pomoc\u00ed prostoru na t\u0159ech stran\u00e1ch, prodlou\u017een\u00edm zdvihu hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce (voliteln\u00e9), maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdsuv je 260 mm-800 mm a pracovn\u00ed tlak lze p\u0159ednastavit; chladic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Port\u00e1lov\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00edly stroje lze montovat, demontovat, rovnat, kalandrovat, natahovat, oh\u00fdbat, d\u011brovat atd. a realizovat tak jeden stroj s v\u00edce funkcemi. Pracovn\u00ed st\u016fl stroje lze posouvat nahoru a dol\u016f a velikost roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila v\u00fd\u0161ku otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a zav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed stroje, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dvousloupov\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tato \u0159ada v\u00fdrobk\u016f je vhodn\u00e1 pro lisov\u00e1n\u00ed, oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed a tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed, embosov\u00e1n\u00ed a r\u00fdhov\u00e1n\u00ed, obrubov\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011blk\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed mal\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f; tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f z kovov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku a dal\u0161\u00ed zpracovatelsk\u00e9 techniky. P\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 elektrick\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, je vybaveno posuvn\u00fdmi a poloautomatick\u00fdmi cykly, dok\u00e1\u017ee udr\u017eet tlak a dobu zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a m\u00e1 dobr\u00e9 veden\u00ed posuvn\u00e9ho bloku, pohodln\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, snadnou \u00fadr\u017ebu, ekonomick\u00e9 a odoln\u00e9. Podle pot\u0159eb u\u017eivatel\u016f lze p\u0159idat funkce jako termop\u0159\u00edstroj, vyhazovac\u00ed v\u00e1lec, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed displej zdvihu a po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pou\u017eit\u00ed produktu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Toto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 procesy, jako je oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed, tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a lemov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159edov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. Po vybaven\u00ed d\u011brovac\u00edm n\u00e1razn\u00edkov\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm jej lze pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed a vysek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v lodn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu, pr\u016fmyslu tlakov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob, chemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch. Produkt dle v\u00fdb\u011bru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k protahov\u00e1n\u00ed, tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, soustru\u017een\u00ed, oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed a lisov\u00e1n\u00ed plechov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 pou\u017eit pro obecn\u00fd proces lisov\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle pot\u0159eb u\u017eivatele lze p\u0159idat vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 pro d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, pohybliv\u00fd st\u016fl a dal\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u0159\u00edramenn\u00fd a \u010dty\u0159sloupov\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis lze krom\u011b kov\u00e1n\u00ed a tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 pro rovn\u00e1n\u00ed, lisov\u00e1n\u00ed, balen\u00ed, briketov\u00e1n\u00ed a lisov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 pou\u017eit pro proces lisov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f h\u0159\u00eddele, kalibraci, krimpov\u00e1n\u00ed, lisov\u00e1n\u00ed profilu a oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed, nar\u00e1\u017een\u00ed, tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed, embosov\u00e1n\u00ed, obj\u00edmkov\u00e9 lisov\u00e1n\u00ed, protahov\u00e1n\u00ed a lisov\u00e1n\u00ed plastov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je lisov\u00e1n\u00ed, oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed, a soustru\u017een\u00ed. Protahov\u00e1n\u00ed tenk\u00fdch okraj\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed operace lze tak\u00e9 zapojit do operac\u00ed kalibrace, lisov\u00e1n\u00ed, plastov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a lisov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Pro sv\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pou\u017eit\u00ed se mu tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd lis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Technick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. V\u00fdkresy a technick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu mus\u00ed odpov\u00eddat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm platn\u00fdm norm\u00e1m a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schv\u00e1leny v souladu s p\u0159edepsan\u00fdmi postupy p\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm pro v\u00fdrobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Design by m\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd v uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kr\u00e1sn\u00fd vzhled, bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a spolehliv\u00fd p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, citliv\u00fd a lehk\u00fd v provozu, s\u00edla ru\u010dn\u00edho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ne v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 49N (5kgf), s\u00edla na ped\u00e1l ne v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 78? 4N (8kgf).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. U d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch vod\u00edc\u00edch kolejnic, sloupk\u016f a pohybliv\u00fdch (plun\u017erov\u00fdch) z\u00e1str\u010dek by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ijata opat\u0159en\u00ed proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed. Posuvn\u00e1 vodic\u00ed li\u0161ta (nebo p\u00e1sov\u00e1 plocha) a pracovn\u00ed plocha trupov\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed by si m\u011bla zachovat pot\u0159ebn\u00fd rozd\u00edl tvrdosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. D\u00edly, sou\u010d\u00e1sti nebo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 15 kg se mus\u00ed snadno zvednout a instalovat. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby by m\u011bly b\u00fdt k dispozici zvedac\u00ed otvory nebo zvedac\u00ed h\u00e1ky (smy\u010dky).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Hydraulick\u00fd lis a jeho \u010d\u00e1sti zabalen\u00e9 zcela nebo z\u010d\u00e1sti mus\u00ed odpov\u00eddat aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm norm\u00e1m a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm p\u0159edpis\u016fm pro p\u0159epravu a nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. D\u00edl\u010d\u00ed sestavy a sou\u010d\u00e1sti mus\u00ed m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 instala\u010dn\u00ed identifika\u010dn\u00ed zna\u010dky. Mezi nimi mus\u00ed b\u00fdt instalov\u00e1ny deskov\u00e9 nebo trubkov\u00e9 ventily se spr\u00e1vnou orientac\u00ed a potrub\u00ed a hydraulick\u00e9 komponenty by m\u011bly m\u00edt prachot\u011bsn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Technologie tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edm procesem lisov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 proces hydraulick\u00e9ho tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zjevn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, pokud jde o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hmotnosti, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu d\u00edl\u016f a po\u010dtu z\u00e1pustek, zlep\u0161en\u00ed tuhosti a pevnosti a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f. V\u00fdhody z\u00edskala v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 oblasti, zejm\u00e9na v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. St\u00e1le v\u00edce aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, letectv\u00ed, kosmonautice a dal\u0161\u00edch oborech je sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality konstrukce za \u00fa\u010delem \u00faspory energie p\u0159i provozu dlouhodob\u00fdm c\u00edlem, kter\u00fd lid\u00e9 sleduj\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch trend\u016f pokro\u010dil\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed technologie. Hydroforming (hydroforming) je pokro\u010dil\u00e1 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed technologie k dosa\u017een\u00ed lehk\u00e9 konstrukce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00e9 tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201evnit\u0159n\u00ed vysokotlak\u00e9 tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c. Jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00edm principem je pou\u017eit\u00ed trubky jako polotovaru, aplikace ultravysokotlak\u00e9 kapaliny uvnit\u0159 trubky a aplikace axi\u00e1ln\u00edho tlaku na oba konce polotovaru trubky pro op\u011btovn\u00e9 napln\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159i kombinovan\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed dvou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sil proch\u00e1z\u00ed materi\u00e1l trubkov\u00e9ho polotovaru plastickou deformac\u00ed a nakonec l\u00edcuje s vnit\u0159n\u00ed st\u011bnou dutiny formy pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dut\u00e9ho d\u00edlu, jeho\u017e tvar a p\u0159esnost spl\u0148uj\u00ed technick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n U dut\u00fdch konstruk\u010dn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f s prom\u011bnliv\u00fdm pr\u016f\u0159ezem je tradi\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdrobn\u00edm procesem nejprve vyrazit dv\u011b poloviny a pot\u00e9 je sva\u0159it do celku, zat\u00edmco hydraulick\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee integr\u00e1ln\u011b vytvo\u0159it dut\u00e9 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed d\u00edly, kter\u00e9 se m\u011bn\u00ed pod\u00e9l pr\u016f\u0159ezu sou\u010d\u00e1sti najednou. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s procesem lisov\u00e1n\u00ed a sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 technologie a proces hydroformingu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Sni\u017ete kvalitu a \u0161et\u0159ete materi\u00e1ly. U typick\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f, jako jsou dr\u017e\u00e1ky automobilov\u00fdch motor\u016f a dr\u017e\u00e1ky chladi\u010de, lze hydraulick\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f sn\u00ed\u017eit o 20% a\u017e 40% ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s lisovan\u00fdmi d\u00edly; u dut\u00fdch stup\u0148ovit\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f h\u0159\u00eddele lze hmotnost sn\u00ed\u017eit o 40% a\u017e 50%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Sni\u017ete po\u010det d\u00edl\u016f a forem a sni\u017ete n\u00e1klady na formy. Hydroformovan\u00e9 d\u00edly obvykle vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pouze jednu sadu forem, zat\u00edmco lisovac\u00ed d\u00edly obvykle vy\u017eaduj\u00ed v\u00edce sad forem. Po\u010det d\u00edl\u016f dr\u017e\u00e1ku motoru tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00fdch hydraulick\u00fdm tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm byl sn\u00ed\u017een ze 6 na 1 a po\u010det d\u00edl\u016f dr\u017e\u00e1ku chladi\u010de byl sn\u00ed\u017een ze 17 na 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. M\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit mno\u017estv\u00ed sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed a mont\u00e1\u017e. Vezm\u011bte si jako p\u0159\u00edklad dr\u017e\u00e1k chladi\u010de, plocha pro odvod tepla se zv\u00fd\u0161ila o 43%, po\u010det p\u00e1jen\u00fdch spoj\u016f se sn\u00ed\u017eil ze 174 na 20, po\u010det proces\u016f se sn\u00ed\u017eil z 13 na 6 a produktivita se zv\u00fd\u0161ila o 66%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Zlep\u0161it pevnost a tuhost, zejm\u00e9na \u00fanavovou pevnost. Hydraulicky tvarovan\u00fd dr\u017e\u00e1k chladi\u010de m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad zv\u00fd\u0161it svou tuhost o 39% ve vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm sm\u011bru a 50% v horizont\u00e1ln\u00edm sm\u011bru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Sni\u017ete v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady. Podle statistick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy pou\u017eit\u00fdch hydroformovan\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f jsou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na hydraulick\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f sn\u00ed\u017eeny v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 15%-20% v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s lisovan\u00fdmi d\u00edly a n\u00e1klady na lisov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou sn\u00ed\u017eeny o 20%-30%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Procesn\u00ed aplikace<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Proces hydraulick\u00e9ho tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u00e1 \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu aplikac\u00ed v automobilov\u00e9m, leteck\u00e9m, leteck\u00e9m a potrubn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu. Je vhodn\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro: kruhov\u00e9, obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00e9 nebo tvarovan\u00e9 dut\u00e9 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed d\u00edly, kter\u00e9 se m\u011bn\u00ed pod\u00e9l osy sou\u010d\u00e1sti, jako jsou tvarovan\u00e9 potrubn\u00ed fitinky pro automobilov\u00e9 v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my; nekruhov\u00e9 pr\u016f\u0159ezy Dut\u00e9 r\u00e1my, jako jsou dr\u017e\u00e1ky motoru, dr\u017e\u00e1ky p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 desky, r\u00e1my karoserie (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 11% a\u017e 15% hmotnosti vozu); dut\u00e9 h\u0159\u00eddele a slo\u017eit\u00e9 potrubn\u00ed tvarovky atd. Obr\u00e1zek 2 ukazuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 typick\u00e9 d\u00edly vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu pomoc\u00ed procesu hydraulick\u00e9ho tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mezi pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pro proces hydraulick\u00e9ho tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 ocel, nerezov\u00e1 ocel, slitina hlin\u00edku, slitina m\u011bdi, slitina niklu atd. V z\u00e1sad\u011b jsou pro proces hydraulick\u00e9ho tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 v\u0161echny materi\u00e1ly vhodn\u00e9 pro tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed za studena. Hlavn\u011b pro tov\u00e1rny na autod\u00edly, tov\u00e1rny na elektroniku, tov\u00e1rny na elektrick\u00e9 spot\u0159ebi\u010de, tov\u00e1rny na tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, tov\u00e1rny na d\u00edly vozidel, tov\u00e1rny na p\u0159evodovky, tov\u00e1rny na d\u00edly klimatizac\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Podle funkce a \u00fa\u010delu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hodnocen jako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis pro tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ku Automobilov\u00fd t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd nosn\u00edk hydraulick\u00fd lis Nekovov\u00fd speci\u00e1ln\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd lis Mechanick\u00fd oprav\u00e1rensk\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis Hydraulick\u00fd lis na uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 produkty Hydraulick\u00fd lis na nemateri\u00e1lov\u00e9 produkty Hydraulick\u00fd lis na keramick\u00e9 produkty<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Podle druhu se d\u011bl\u00ed na:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dvoupaprskov\u00fd \u010dty\u0159sloupov\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u0159\u00edpaprskov\u00fd \u010dty\u0159sloupov\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jednoramenn\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis<\/p>\n\n\n\n Port\u00e1lov\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd lis<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Podle ton\u00e1\u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis 63 tun<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis 100 tun<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis 150 tun<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis na 200 tun<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis 250 tun<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis 300 tun<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis 315 tun<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis 500 tun<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis 630 tun<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydraulick\u00fd lis 800 tun<\/p>\n\n\n\n Voliteln\u00e1 konfigurace<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hlavn\u00ed funkce<\/p>\n\n\n\n Elektronika proti p\u0159evr\u00e1cen\u00ed v\u00e1lce<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nalisovan\u00e1 velk\u00e1 ozuben\u00e1 kola a h\u0159\u00eddele<\/p>\n\n\n\n Korekce p\u0159edn\u00ed n\u00e1pravy<\/p>\n\n\n\n Korekce deformovan\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n Demont\u00e1\u017e a mont\u00e1\u017e v\u00e1le\u010dkov\u00fdch ku\u017eelov\u00fdch lo\u017eisek<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vym\u011b\u0148te membr\u00e1novou pru\u017einu automobilov\u00e9 spojky<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krou\u017eek lo\u017eiska nalisovan\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vym\u011b\u0148te pry\u017eovou sestavu reak\u010dn\u00ed ty\u010de<\/p>\n\n\n\n Demont\u00e1\u017e a mont\u00e1\u017e r\u016fzn\u00fdch t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159il\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vym\u011b\u0148te dorazovou pru\u017einu kotou\u010de spojky<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00fdtov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed zubov\u00fdch n\u00fdt\u016f zadn\u00ed n\u00e1pravy<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nalisovan\u00e9 p\u00edstn\u00ed \u010depy, \u010depy kloub\u016f \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00e1 pouzdra \u010dep\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti jsou vyrobeny z integr\u00e1ln\u00ed lit\u00e9 oceli \u010d. 45 a jsou kalen\u00e9 a temperovan\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pracovn\u00ed st\u016fl vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pohyblivou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desku<\/p>\n\n\n\n Syst\u00e9m \u00fadr\u017eby<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u00e9\u010de a \u00fadr\u017eba<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Jako pracovn\u00ed olej se doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvat hydraulick\u00fd olej \u010d. 32 a \u010d. 46 proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed a teplota oleje je v rozmez\u00ed 15-60 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Olej je p\u0159ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm do n\u00e1dr\u017ee p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b filtrov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Pracovn\u00ed kapalina by m\u011bla b\u00fdt vym\u011bn\u011bna jednou ro\u010dn\u011b a doba prvn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny by nem\u011bla p\u0159es\u00e1hnout t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce;<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Kluzn\u00fd blok by m\u011bl b\u00fdt \u010dasto maz\u00e1n a nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd povrch kolony by m\u011bl b\u00fdt \u010dasto udr\u017eov\u00e1n v \u010distot\u011b a p\u0159ed ka\u017edou prac\u00ed by m\u011bl b\u00fdt nast\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n mazac\u00ed olej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed dovolen\u00e1 excentricita soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je 40 mm p\u0159i jmenovit\u00e9m tlaku 500T. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 excentricita m\u016f\u017ee snadno zp\u016fsobit nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed kolony nebo jin\u00e9 ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed jevy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. Kalibrujte a kontrolujte manometr ka\u017ed\u00fdch \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f;<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7. Pokud je stroj del\u0161\u00ed dobu mimo provoz, povrch ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti by m\u011bl b\u00fdt vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn a nat\u0159en antikorozn\u00edm olejem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Osoby, kter\u00e9 nerozum\u00ed struktu\u0159e, v\u00fdkonu nebo provozn\u00edm postup\u016fm stroje, by nem\u011bly stroj bez opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bt;<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Stroj by nem\u011bl b\u00fdt b\u011bhem pracovn\u00edho procesu repasov\u00e1n nebo se\u0159izov\u00e1n;<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Kdy\u017e stroj zjist\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u00faniky oleje nebo jin\u00e9 abnormality (jako je nespolehliv\u00e1 \u010dinnost, velk\u00fd hluk, vibrace atd.), m\u011bl by se zastavit a analyzovat p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, pokusit se ji odstranit a neza\u0159adit jej do v\u00fdroby s nemoc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Nep\u0159et\u011b\u017eujte ani nep\u0159ekra\u010dujte maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed excentricitu pro pou\u017eit\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Je p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1no p\u0159ekra\u010dovat maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed zdvih jezdce a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka uzav\u0159en\u00ed formy nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 600 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. Uzemn\u011bn\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pevn\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7. Konec pr\u00e1ce ka\u017ed\u00fd den: dejte jezdec do nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed polohy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed stroj b\u011b\u017e\u00ed 5000 hodin pro sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fadr\u017ebu. \u00da\u010dastn\u00ed se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u00fadr\u017eb\u00e1\u0159i, oper\u00e1to\u0159i. Krom\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed prvn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b \u00fadr\u017eby by m\u011bly b\u00fdt provedeny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a m\u011bly by b\u00fdt prozkoum\u00e1ny a zmapov\u00e1ny opot\u0159ebiteln\u00e9 d\u00edly. Navrhn\u011bte n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Nejprve vypn\u011bte nap\u00e1jen\u00ed kv\u016fli \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b. (Viz tabulka n\u00ed\u017ee)<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00e9riov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo \u010c\u00e1st \u00fadr\u017eby Obsah \u00fadr\u017eby a po\u017eadavky<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vodic\u00ed li\u0161ta nosn\u00edku a sloupu 1. Zkontrolujte a upravte vodorovnou rovinu nosn\u00edku, vodic\u00ed li\u0161tu sloupu, vodic\u00ed pouzdro, jezdec a p\u0159\u00edtla\u010dnou desku, aby se hladce pohybovaly a spl\u0148ovaly po\u017eadavky procesu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Opravte nebo vym\u011b\u0148te chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dv\u011b hydraulick\u00e9 maz\u00e1n\u00ed 1. Demontujte, umyjte a opravte solenoidov\u00e9 ventily, brusn\u00e9 ventily a j\u00e1dra ventil\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Vy\u010dist\u011bte a zkontrolujte plun\u017er v\u00e1lce olejov\u00e9ho \u010derpadla, opravte ot\u0159epy a vym\u011b\u0148te olejov\u00e9 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3 Kalibra\u010dn\u00ed manometr<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Opravte nebo vym\u011b\u0148te siln\u011b opot\u0159eben\u00e9 d\u00edly<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Je\u010fte a zkontrolujte, zda v\u00e1lce a plun\u017ery b\u011b\u017e\u00ed hladce a nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k pl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Podp\u016frn\u00fd ventil m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit p\u0159esn\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed pohybliv\u00e9ho paprsku v jak\u00e9koli poloze a pokles tlaku m\u016f\u017ee spl\u0148ovat po\u017eadavky procesu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u0159i elektrick\u00e9 spot\u0159ebi\u010de 1. Vy\u010dist\u011bte motor, zkontrolujte lo\u017eisko, aktualizujte mazivo<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Opravte nebo vym\u011b\u0148te po\u0161kozen\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Elektrick\u00e9 spot\u0159ebi\u010de spl\u0148uj\u00ed po\u017eadavky normy integrity za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010cty\u0159i p\u0159esnosti 1. Kalibrujte \u00farove\u0148 obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edho stroje, zkontrolujte p\u0159esnost se\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a opravy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. P\u0159esnost spl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky norem integrity za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dadr\u017eba a \u00fadr\u017eba hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu st\u00e1le vy\u017eaduj\u00ed specializovanou, profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed a nep\u0159etr\u017eitou \u00fadr\u017ebu, tak\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee trvat d\u00e9le!<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u011bhem provozu hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu na vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kovu n\u011bkdy vypadnou \u0161rouby a spadnou do hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce, co\u017e zp\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u0161kr\u00e1bance na st\u011bn\u011b plun\u017eru. Pot\u00e9, co dojde k probl\u00e9mu, tradi\u010dn\u00ed metoda nem\u016f\u017ee v\u016fbec dos\u00e1hnout opravy na m\u00edst\u011b. Lze jej pouze rozebrat a odeslat v\u00fdrobci k opravn\u00e9mu sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b odpadu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f, je \u010das na opakovanou v\u00fdrobu p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed nebo vr\u00e1cen\u00ed do tov\u00e1rny k oprav\u011b mimo kontrolu. Dlouhodob\u00e9 odst\u00e1vky zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed podniku v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty a z\u00e1rove\u0148 mus\u00ed platit vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo opravy. Aby byly spln\u011bny po\u017eadavky na nep\u0159etr\u017eitou v\u00fdrobu podnik\u016f, je nutn\u00e9 naj\u00edt pohodln\u00e9, rychl\u00e9, jednoduch\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby \u00fadr\u017eby k vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, minimalizaci prostoj\u016f podniku a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na \u00fadr\u017ebu a \u00fadr\u017ebu. M\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvat polymern\u00ed kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly pro opravy na m\u00edst\u011b<\/p>\n\n\n\n kroky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Po\u0161kr\u00e1ban\u00e9 d\u00edly ope\u010dte kysl\u00edko-acetylenov\u00fdm plamenem (ovl\u00e1dejte teplotu a vyvarujte se povrchov\u00e9ho \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed) a cel\u00fd rok pe\u010dte olej, kter\u00fd pros\u00e1kl kovov\u00fdm povrchem, dokud nebudou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jiskry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Po\u0161kr\u00e1ban\u00fd d\u00edl o\u010dist\u011bte \u00fahlovou bruskou, zbruste hloubku 1 mm nebo v\u00edce a zbruste dr\u00e1\u017eku pod\u00e9l vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u011bny v\u00e1lce, nejl\u00e9pe rybinovou dr\u00e1\u017eku. Vyvrtejte otvory na obou konc\u00edch \u0161kr\u00e1bance, abyste prohloubili a zm\u011bnili s\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. O\u010dist\u011bte povrch savou vatou namo\u010denou v acetonu nebo absolutn\u00edm etanolu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Naneste harmonizovan\u00fd a jednotn\u00fd opravn\u00fd materi\u00e1l na po\u0161kr\u00e1ban\u00fd povrch; prvn\u00ed vrstva by m\u011bla b\u00fdt tenk\u00e1, stejnom\u011brn\u011b a zcela pokr\u00fdt po\u0161kr\u00e1ban\u00fd povrch, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna nejlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ilnavost mezi materi\u00e1lem a kovov\u00fdm povrchem, a pot\u00e9 nan\u00e9st materi\u00e1l na cel\u00e9 m\u00edsto opravy a opakovan\u011b p\u0159itla\u010dovat. Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee materi\u00e1l je napln\u011bn\u00fd a dosahuje po\u017eadovan\u00e9 tlou\u0161\u0165ky, tak\u017ee je o n\u011bco vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e povrch vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u011bny v\u00e1lce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Materi\u00e1lu trv\u00e1 24 hodin, ne\u017e p\u0159i 24\u00b0C pln\u011b dos\u00e1hne r\u016fzn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed. Pro \u00fasporu \u010dasu lze teplotu zv\u00fd\u0161it halogenovou \u017e\u00e1rovkou. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty o 11\u00b0C zkr\u00e1t\u00ed dobu vytvrzov\u00e1n\u00ed na polovinu. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed vytvrzovac\u00ed teplota je 70\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. Po ztuhnut\u00ed materi\u00e1lu opravte jemn\u00fdm brusn\u00fdm kamenem nebo \u0161krabkou materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e povrch vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u011bny v\u00e1lce, a konstrukce je hotov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Silov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza jednosloupov\u00e9ho hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Vynucen\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma jednosloupkov\u00e9ho stojanu<\/p>\n\n\n\n R\u00e1m jednosloupov\u00e9ho hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu lze podle jeho roviny symetrie zjednodu\u0161it na rovinn\u00fd r\u00e1m a jeho silov\u00fd diagram lze nazvat kombinac\u00ed ploch\u00e9 zak\u0159iven\u00e9 ty\u010de a p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 ty\u010de, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M=P(l+rcos0)N=Pcos0<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pro rovn\u00e9 d\u00edly (viz \u010d\u00e1st OB v 2-72)<\/p>\n\n\n\n M=P(l+r)<\/p>\n\n\n\n N=P<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Hydraulic deep drawing press, the hydraulic press is a machine that uses liquid as a working medium and is made<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1264,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[696,232,617],"class_list":["post-1257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulic-press","tag-hydraulic-deep-drawing-pres","tag-hydraulic-press","tag-hydraulic-valve"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/\u4e3b\u56fe\uff08\u767d\u5e95\uff09-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1257"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1257\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}aplikace<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
![\"figure](\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/figure-1.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/figure-2.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nV\u00fdhoda<\/strong><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n
A<\/strong>v\u00fdhoda<\/strong><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n
R<\/strong>hn\u011bv<\/strong><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n
Funkce<\/strong><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n
![\"figure](\"https:\/\/www.yaiwo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/figure-3.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nOO \u010d\u00e1st zak\u0159iven\u00e9 ty\u010de je ovlivn\u011bna p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm axi\u00e1ln\u00ed silou a ohybov\u00fdm momentem a smykov\u00e1 s\u00edla je zanedbateln\u00e1. Podle v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9ho vzorce zak\u0159iven\u00e9 ty\u010de jsou ohybov\u00fd moment M a axi\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edla N v libovoln\u00e9m \u00faseku OO \u0159ezu (ur\u010den\u00e9 \u00fahlem \u03b8) resp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n